Ca0.9La0.067TiO3 (abbreviated as CLT) ceramics doped with different amount of Al2O3 were prepared via the solid state reaction method. The anti-reduction mechanism of Ti4+ in CLT ceramics was carefully investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze the phase composition and lattice structure. Meanwhile, the Rietveld method was taken to calculate the lattice parameters. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to study the valence variation of Ti ions in CLT ceramics without and with Al2O3. The results showed that Al3+ substituted for Ti4+ to form solid solution and the solid solubility limit of Al3+ is near 1.11 mol%. Furthermore, the reduction of Ti4+ in CLT ceramics was restrained by acceptor doping process and the Q × f values of CLT ceramics were improved significantly. The CLT ceramic doped with 1.11 mol% Al2O3 exhibited good microwave dielectric properties: εr = 141, Q × f = 6848 GHz, τf = 576 ppm/°C. 相似文献
Effective utilization of abundant solar energy for desalination of seawater and purification of wastewater is one of sustainable techniques for production of clean water, helping relieve global water resource shortage. Herein, we fabricate a vertically aligned reduced graphene oxide/Ti3C2Tx MXene (A-RGO/MX) hybrid hydrogel with aligned channels as an independent solar steam generation device for highly efficient solar steam generation. The vertically aligned channels, generated by a liquid nitrogen-assisted directional-freezing process, not only rapidly transport water upward to the evaporation surface for efficient solar steam generation, but also facilitate multiple reflections of solar light inside the channels for efficient solar light absorption. The deliberate slight reduction endows the RGO with plenty of polar groups, decreasing the water vaporization enthalpy effectively and hence accelerating water evaporation efficiently. The MXene sheets, infiltrated inside the A-RGO hydrogel on the basis of Marangoni effect, enhance light absorption capacity and photothermal conversion performance. As a result, the A-RGO/MX hybrid hydrogel achieves a water evaporation rate of 2.09 kg·m−2·h−1 with a high conversion efficiency of 93.5% under 1-sun irradiation. Additionally, this photothermal conversion hydrogel rapidly desalinates seawater and purifies wastewater to generate clean water with outstanding ion rejection rates of above 99% for most ions.
Corrosion of a salt-coated Ni-superalloy has been studied at 900°C under a wet air and sulfur vapor ambient. The corrosion thickness, after an incubation of ~60 hr, linearly increases with the corrosion time t and the onset of surface spallation occurred at t ≈ 60 hr. The corroded layer consists of a corrosion front dominated by Cr3S4 scales and linear precipitate structures, an inner corrosion layer dominated by Ni3S2 and NiO, and an outer corrosion layer dominated by Al2O3 networks surrounding the Ni3S2 and/or NiO scale structures. The corrosion mechanism is discussed based on the coexistence of H2O, sulfur, and oxygen. 相似文献
Lu-Al-Si-O-N tapes with different thickness were used to join gas pressure sintered Si3N4 ceramics. The microstructure of the joints and the influences of the joint thickness and joining temperature on the bonding strength of the as-joined Si3N4 ceramics have been investigated. The highest bonding strength about ~ 300 MPa of the joined specimens was achieved by using 450 µm interlayer at 1450 °C. The existence of Si3N4 nanowires was beneficial for the improvement of the bonding strength by interweaving the oxynitride glass matrix in the joint region. 相似文献